India's 4th Nuclear Submarine Strengthens Maritime Security and Deterrence

Delhi  23 October (VNI )India has made a significant leap in enhancing its nuclear deterrence capabilities by launching its fourth nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN) this week at the Ship Building Center (SBC) in Visakhapatnam, according to media reports. This new submarine, designated S4*, is part of India’s ongoing efforts to strengthen its maritime security in the Indian Ocean Region and Bay of Bengal. The launch marks a critical step in India’s naval defense strategy, particularly as regional tensions rise in the Indo-Pacific.

As reported by media, the newly launched S4* SSBN is equipped with K-4 nuclear ballistic missiles, which have a range of 3,500 kilometers. This is a significant upgrade from the K-15 missiles carried by India’s first SSBN, INS Arihant, which have a range of 750 kilometers. The S4* boasts nearly 75% indigenous content, showcasing India’s advancements in defense technology and self-reliance.

This development follows the commissioning of the second SSBN, INS Arighaat, by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh on August 29, 2024, according to media reports, and comes ahead of the expected commissioning of the third SSBN, INS Aridhaman, next year. Additionally, as reported by media, on October 9, 2024, the Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) approved plans to build two nuclear-powered attack submarines, aimed at bolstering India’s deterrence in the Indo-Pacific region.

In addressing neighboring countries, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh emphasized the importance of maritime security and cooperation. He remarked that ensuring peace in the Bay of Bengal and the broader Indian Ocean Region requires collective effort. He cautioned that inviting "outside forces" into the region could undermine unity, as reported by media. Singh also stated, “Even if one country is left out, the nation’s security wheel breaks,” highlighting the need for comprehensive cooperation with friendly nations.

According to media reports, India’s SSBN program represents a growing strategic capability, with S4* offering unlimited range and endurance, limited only by crew fatigue, food supplies, and maintenance. Both INS Arihant and INS Arighaat are currently on deep-sea patrols. The SSBN fleet is expected to be bolstered by the arrival of a leased Russian Akula-class submarine in 2028.

Future SSBNs in India’s fleet are expected to have a displacement of 6,000 tons—double that of the Arihant class—and will carry nuclear missiles with ranges beyond 5,000 kilometers, as reported by media. These advancements will play a crucial role in maintaining India’s credible minimum deterrence and ensuring its security in a rapidly evolving geopolitical landscape.